GHK-Cu research: from a 1973 plasma finding to three repair pathways
GHK-Cu began with a 1973 observation about young plasma and aging liver cells. Fifty years on, it appears in three distinct repair pathways in the literature.
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Skin & Collagen Research
Research on collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and copper peptides.
GHK-Cu collagen evidence: what the topical study actually showed
GHK-Cu is one of the few peptides with human data. The most-cited study is real, but it is small, topical and older than most summaries suggest.
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GHK-Cu collagen research: from fibroblasts to wound models
Fibroblast studies, antioxidant work and animal wound models all point to the copper in GHK-Cu doing real work. Here is what each layer of the research shows.
Read article →GHK-Cu vs retinol: two routes to collagen synthesis research
Retinoids and the copper tripeptide GHK-Cu are both studied for collagen synthesis, but they reach it through very different upstream mechanisms.
Read article →GHK-Cu and collagen research notes: copper, zinc and vitamin C
GHK-Cu is one of the few peptides in its niche with human trial data. Notes on that evidence and on the copper, zinc and vitamin C biochemistry around collagen.
Read article →GHK-Cu gene expression: why direction matters more than 4,000 genes
The number of genes GHK-Cu modulates is widely quoted. The more informative result is which way those genes move, and how coherently they cluster.
Read article →GHK-Cu plasma decline with age: copper, collagen and gene data
First isolated from human plasma in 1973, GHK-Cu has a gene-expression profile that is directional, not random, and plasma levels that fall by about 60% with age.
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